리눅스 하드웨어 사양 및 모니터링

linux 하드웨어 사양을 알아보는 명령어

 

CPU 정보

[root@shuiky webapps]# cat /proc/cpuinfo  | more
processor       : 0
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model           : 42
model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600K CPU @ 3.40GHz
stepping        : 7
cpu MHz         : 1600.000
cache size      : 8192 KB
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중략
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메모리 정보

[root@shuikywebapps]# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        8034300 kB
MemFree:         1418372 kB
Buffers:           56192 kB
Cached:          3887776 kB
SwapCached:          540 kB
Active:          3662244 kB
Inactive:        2511660 kB
Active(anon):    1720468 kB
Inactive(anon):   510020 kB
Active(file):    1941776 kB
Inactive(file):  2001640 kB
Unevictable:           0 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
SwapTotal:      10272760 kB
SwapFree:       10265688 kB
Dirty:               112 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
AnonPages:       2229428 kB
Mapped:            71780 kB
Shmem:               544 kB
Slab:             293120 kB
SReclaimable:     250216 kB
SUnreclaim:        42904 kB
KernelStack:        6864 kB
PageTables:        24028 kB
NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
Bounce:                0 kB
WritebackTmp:          0 kB
CommitLimit:    14289908 kB
Committed_AS:    5259772 kB
VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed:      142868 kB
VmallocChunk:   34359581796 kB
HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB
AnonHugePages:   2025472 kB
HugePages_Total:       0
HugePages_Free:        0
HugePages_Rsvd:        0
HugePages_Surp:        0
Hugepagesize:       2048 kB
DirectMap4k:        6144 kB
DirectMap2M:     8366080 kB

 

CPU가 32비트인지 64비트 확인

[root@shuiky webapps]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep lm

 

audio, video, disk controller 등 기타 하드웨어 확인(-t 옵션은 그룹으로 표시, -v 옵션은 상세 표시)

[root@shuiky webapps]# lspci -tv

 

그래픽카드 확인

[root@shuiky webapps]# lspci | grep VGA

 

연결된 USB 장비 확인

[root@shuiky webapps]# lsusb

 

하드디스크 크기 및 사용하고 있는 드라이브 확인(USB 드라이브, stick 포함)

[root@shuiky webapps]# fdisk -l | grep GB

 

특정 하드디스크 정보(제조사, 모델명 등) 확인

[root@shuiky webapps]# hdparm -i /dev/sda

/dev/sda:

 Model=Hitachi, FwRev=MKAOA5C0, SerialNo=MK0311YHGJ9V2A
 Config={ HardSect NotMFM HdSw>15uSec Fixed DTR>10Mbs }
 RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=56
 BuffType=DualPortCache, BuffSize=unknown, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=16
 CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=5860533168
 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
 PIO modes:  pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
 DMA modes:  mdma0 mdma1 mdma2
 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6
 AdvancedPM=yes: disabled (255) WriteCache=enabled
 Drive conforms to: unknown:  ATA/ATAPI-2,3,4,5,6,7

 * signifies the current active mode

 

현재 하드 드라이브의 파티션과 파일 시스템 등을 자세히 보기

[root@shuiky webapps]# fdisk -l

 

현재 로드된 모듈 확인

[root@shuiky webapps]# lsmod

 

특정 모듈 정보 확인

[root@shuiky webapps]# modinfo 모듈명

 

모듈 제거 하기

[root@shuiky webapps]# modprobe -remove 모듈명

 

커널에 모듈 로드 하기

[root@shuiky webapps]# modprobe 모듈명

 

하드웨어에서 사용하는 모듈 확인

[root@shuiky webapps]# lspci -v
[root@shuiky webapps]# lspci -vvv

 

PCMCIA 카드 확인

[root@shuiky webapps]# lspcmcia

 

스왑 메모리가 포함된 램 용량 및 사용 상태 확인

[root@shuiky webapps]# free -m
[root@shuiky webapps]# free -g

 

사운드 카드 확인

[root@shuiky webapps]# cat /dev/sndstat

 

무선 랜카드 확인

[root@shuiky webapps]# iwconfig

 

컴퓨터 DMI(=SMBIOS) 테이블 정보를 확인

[root@shuiky webapps]# dmidecode | more

 

CPU, AC Adapter, Battery 등은 /proc/acpi 디렉토리 참조

 

설치된 Linux 종류 확인

[root@shuiky webapps]# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.2 (Final)
[root@shuiky webapps]#  cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.32-220.13.1.el6.x86_64 (mockbuild@c6b6.bsys.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.4.6 20110731 (Red Hat 4.4.6-3) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Apr 17 23:56:34 BST 2012
[root@shuiky webapps]# dmesg | head -1
Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset

 

재시작 이력(last reboot) 정보

[root@shuiky webapps]# last reboot
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-220.13.1. Fri Jul 20 19:06 - 11:17 (180+16:11)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-220.13.1. Wed Jul 18 19:24 - 19:04 (1+23:40)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-220.13.1. Wed Jul 18 19:08 - 19:23  (00:14)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-220.13.1. Mon Jul  9 11:47 - 19:07 (9+07:19)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-220.13.1. Thu Jul  5 10:40 - 10:47  (00:07)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-220.13.1. Thu Jul  5 10:29 - 10:38  (00:08)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-220.13.1. Wed Jul  4 18:04 - 10:10  (16:06)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-220.13.1. Wed Jul  4 11:42 - 12:22  (00:40)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-220.13.1. Wed Jul  4 11:40 - 11:40  (00:00)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-71.29.1.e Fri May 11 17:45 - 11:40 (53+17:55)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-71.29.1.e Mon Apr 23 10:20 - 17:44 (18+07:24)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-71.29.1.e Mon Apr 23 10:13 - 10:16  (00:02)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-71.29.1.e Wed Dec 28 09:57 - 10:12 (117+00:15)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-71.29.1.e Mon Dec 19 09:52 - 09:51 (8+23:59)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-71.29.1.e Thu Dec 15 18:00 - 09:51 (12+15:51)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-71.29.1.e Mon Oct 24 23:47 - 17:46 (51+17:58)
reboot   system boot  2.6.32-71.el6.x8 Mon Oct 24 17:43 - 23:46  (06:03)

 

To open any file from command line using the default application (will launch the correct graphical application for the file, as though you had doubled-clicked the file graphically):

[root@shuiky webapps]# xdg-open ./filename

 

네트워크 연결 실시간 모니터링

[root@shuiky webapps]# watch -n.1 `netstat -tup`

 

현재 시스템(Linux Kernel) 정보

[root@shuiky webapps]# uname -a
Linux shuiky 2.6.32-220.13.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Apr 17 23:56:34 BST 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

 

 

참고

Easily find your hardware specifications (and some system monitoring commands) in Linux

20 Linux System Monitoring Tools Every SysAdmin Should Know

HowTo: Find Out Hard Disk Specs / Details on Linux